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S08: Multilingual names, minority names
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5. Transformation of minority toponyms
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In most European countries, minority names used to be adapted
on official maps to the majority languages. These adaptations
could consist of (see examples*):
1. Adherence to minority language orthography
2. Addition or omission of diacritical marks
3. Addition of articles in majority language
4. Addition of name elements (+generics) in majority language
5. Phonetic rendering in majority language
6. Adaptation of toponym proper to majority language structure
7. Translation into majority language
8. Substitution by new name in majority language
9. Removal of named object
*Examples of adaptation of minority toponyms to the majority
language on French topographic maps:
Institutionalised approaches
towards geographical names in multilingual situations
- Traditional usage principle
- Juridical principle
- Territorial principle
- Personal principle
For these principles, see
Working Paper No. 19, of the Twelfth UNGEGN Session (1986), Minority
Toponyms (see documents or click for pdf here).
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