4.5 Man-made features

The track network provides important information for the runner and the classification must be clearly recognisable on the map. Particularly important for the competitor is the classification of smaller paths. Account must be taken not only of the width, but also of how obvious the path is to the runner.
Other man-made features are also important both for map reading and as control points.


501 Motorway
A road with two carriageways. The width of the symbol should be drawn to scale but not smaller than the minimum width. The outer boundary lines may be replaced with symbols 519, 521, 522 or 524 if a fence or wall is so close to the motorway edge that it cannot practically be shown as a separate symbol. The space between the black lines must be filled with brown (50%). A road under construction may be shown with broken lines.
Colour: black and brown 50% (60 lines/cm).
502 Major road
Road wider than 5m. The width of the symbol should be drawn to scale but not smaller than the minimum width. The outer boundary lines may be replaced with symbols 519, 521, 522 or 524 if a fence or wall is so close to the motorway edge that it cannot practically be shown as a separate symbol. The space between the black lines must be filled with brown (50%). A road under construction may be shown with broken lines.
Colour: black and brown 50% (60 lines/cm).
503 Minor road
Road 3-5 m wide. The space between the black lines must be filled with brown (50%). A road under construction may be shown with broken lines.
Colour: black and brown 50% (60 lines/cm).
504 Road
A maintained road suitable for motor vehicles in all weather. Width less than 3 m.
Colour: black.
505 Vehicle track
A track or poorly maintained road suitable for vehicles only when travelling slowly. Width less than 3 m.
Colour: black.
506 Footpath
A large path, or old vehicle track, which is distinct on the ground.
Colour: black.
507 Small path
A small path or (temporary) forest extraction track which can be followed at competition speed.
Colour: black.
508 Less distinct small path
A less distinct small path or forestry extraction track.
Colour: black.
509 Narrow ride
A distinct ride, less than ca. 5 m wide. A ride is a linear break in the forest (usually plantation) which does not have a distinct path along it. Where there is a path along a ride, symbols 507 or 508 should be used in place of symbol 509.
Colour: black..
510 Visible path junction
When a junction or intersection of paths or tracks is visible, the dashes of the symbols are joined at the junction.
Colour: black.
511 Indistinct junction
When a junction or intersection of paths or tracks is not clear, the dashes of the symbols are not joined.
Colour: black.
512 Footbridge
A footbridge with no path leading to it.
Colour: black.
513 Crossing point with bridge
A path or track crossing a river, stream or ditch by a bridge.
Colour: black.
514 Crossing point without bridge
A path or track crossing a river, stream or ditch without a bridge.
Colour: black.
515 Railway
A railway or other kind of railed track (tramway, truckway, etc.).
Colour: black.
516 Power line
Power line, cableway or skilift. The bars indicate the exact location of the pylons.
Colour: black.
517 Major power line
Major power lines should be drawn with a double line. The gap between the lines may indicate the extent of the powerline.
Colour: black.
518 Tunnel
A way under roads, railways, etc. which may be used by the runner. This symbol is used whether or not the tunnel has a track leading to it.
Colour: black.
519 Stone wall
A stone wall or stone-faced bank.
Colour: black.
520 Ruined stone wall
A ruined stone wall may be shown by a dashed line.
Colour: black.
521 High stone wall
A stone wall higher than ca 1.5 m, not crossable to the average orienteer.
Colour: black.
522 Fence
A wooden or wire fence less than ca. 1.5 m high.
Colour: black.
523 Ruined fence
A ruined fence may be shown with a dashed line.
Colour: black.
524 High fence
A boarded or wire fence higher than ca 1.5 m, not crossable to the average orienteer, eg. deer fence.
Colour: black.
525 Crossing point
All ways through or over high fences or walls must be indicated. The symbol may also be used for a gate through or stile over a stone wall (519) or a fence (522) or a pipeline (534).
Colour: black.
526 Building
A building is shown with its ground plan so far as the scale permits.
Colour: black.
527 Settlement
Houses and gardens and other built up areas. Roads, buildings and other significant features within a settlement must be shown. If all buildings cannot be shown, an alternative symbol (black line screen) may be used.
Colour: green 50% (60 l/cm) and yellow 100% or alternatively black 32.5% (27 l/cm).
528 Permanently out of bounds
Areas which are permanently forbidden to the runner are shown as out of bounds. The screen is superimposed on the normal map detail. A bounding line may be drawn if there is no natural boundary (see 709).
Colour: black or purple 33.3% (13.3 lines/cm).
529 Paved area
An area of hard standing used for parking or other purposes.
Colour: black and brown 50% (60 lines/cm).
530 Ruin
The ground plan of a ruin is shown to scale, down to the minimum size shown opposite. Very small ruins may be drawn with a solid line.
Colour: black.
531 Firing range
A firing range is shown with a special symbol to indicate the need for caution. Associated buildings are individually marked.
Colour: black.
532 Grave
A distinct grave marked by a stone or shrine. Location is at the centre of gravity of the symbol, which is orientated to north. A cemetery is shown by using grave symbols as space permits.
Colour: black.
533 Crossable pipeline
A pipeline (gas, water, oil, etc.) above ground level which can be crossed over or under.
Colour: black.
534 Uncrossable pipeline
A pipeline which cannot be crossed.
Colour: black.
535 High tower
A high tower or large pylon, standing above the level of the surrounding forest. Location is at the centre of gravity of the symbol.
Colour: black.
536 Small tower
An obvious shooting platform or seat, or small tower. Location is at the centre of gravity of the symbol.
Colour: black.
537 Cairn
Cairn, memorial stone or boundary stone (or a trigonometric point in some countries) more than 0.5 m high.
Colour: black.
538 Fodder rack
A fodder rack which is free standing or built on to a tree. Location is at the centre of gravity of the symbol. For land access reasons these may be omitted.
Colour: black.
539,540 Special man-made features
Special man-made features are shown with these symbols. The definition of the symbols must be given in each case in the map legend.
Colour: black.